{"id":75460,"date":"2020-06-22T11:46:25","date_gmt":"2020-06-22T11:46:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/?p=75460"},"modified":"2023-06-22T23:32:53","modified_gmt":"2023-06-23T05:02:53","slug":"apache-kafka-interview-questions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 30 Apache Kafka Interview Questions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The world of technology brings new advancement that keeps transforming the IT sector continuously. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-tutorial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apache Kafka<\/a> is one in the long list of technological advancements that have revised the conventions in data analytics. As one of the notable real-time data streaming tools, Apache Kafka deserves more recognition, and it rightly gets the same. Therefore, many aspiring professionals search for Apache Kafka interview questions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Originally developed by LinkedIn in 2011, Apache Kafka subsequently became an open-source project. Today, over 750 companies use Kafka in their tech stacks with some notable names, including Netflix, Uber, Spotify, Pinterest, LinkedIn, Slack, and Activision. Therefore, the promising career prospects with official training in Apache Kafka drive the interests of many IT professionals towards Kafka.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Enroll Now:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/apache-kafka-fundamentals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener follow noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Apache Kafka Fundamentals Training Course<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ea7e02;color:#ea7e02\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ea7e02;color:#ea7e02\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#Frequently_Asked_Apache_Kafka_Interview_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Apache Kafka Interview Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#1_What_is_Kafka\" >1. What is Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#2_How_is_Kafka_messaging_system_different_than_other_messaging_frameworks\" >2. How is Kafka messaging system different than other messaging frameworks?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#3_Do_You_know_the_different_components_of_Kafka\" >3. Do You know the different components of Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#4_What_is_an_offset_in_Kafka\" >4. What is an offset in Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#5_Define_a_consumer_group_in_Kafka\" >5. Define a consumer group in Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#6_What_is_the_importance_of_Zookeeper_in_Kafka\" >6. What is the importance of Zookeeper in Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#7_Can_I_use_Kafka_without_Zookeeper\" >7. Can I use Kafka without Zookeeper?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#8_What_are_the_advantages_of_Kafka\" >8. What are the advantages of Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#9_What_do_you_mean_by_leader_and_follower_in_Kafka\" >9. What do you mean by leader and follower in Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#10_What_are_the_different_use_cases_of_Apache_Kafka\" >10. What are the different use cases of Apache Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#11_Do_you_know_about_stream_processing_in_Kafka\" >11. Do you know about stream processing in Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#12_What_are_some_of_the_unique_features_of_Kafka_Stream\" >12. What are some of the unique features of Kafka Stream?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#13_How_do_you_know_that_Kafka_is_a_Distributed_Streaming_Platform\" >13. How do you know that Kafka is a Distributed Streaming Platform?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#14_Can_you_explain_the_process_of_starting_a_Kafka_Server\" >14. Can you explain the process of starting a Kafka Server?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#15_What_is_a_Kafka_Cluster_and_what_are_its_key_benefits\" >15. What is a Kafka Cluster, and what are its key benefits?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#16_What_are_some_of_the_use_cases_where_Kafka_is_not_suitable\" >16. What are some of the use cases where Kafka is not suitable?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#17_Define_consumer_lag_and_ways_to_monitor_it\" >17. Define consumer lag and ways to monitor it.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#18_Define_Geo-replication_in_Kafka\" >18. Define Geo-replication in Kafka.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#19_What_is_the_importance_of_Replicas_in_Kafka\" >19. What is the importance of Replicas in Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#20_Do_you_know_about_System_Tools_in_Kafka\" >20. Do you know about System Tools in Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#21_What_is_the_significance_of_the_Replication_Tool\" >21. What is the significance of the Replication Tool?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#22_What_is_the_relationship_between_Apache_Kafka_and_Java\" >22. What is the relationship between Apache Kafka and Java?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#23_Does_Kafka_provide_any_guarantees\" >23. Does Kafka provide any guarantees?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#24_How_is_Apache_Kafka_better_than_RabbitMQ\" >24. How is Apache Kafka better than RabbitMQ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#25_What_do_you_mean_by_the_retention_period_in_a_Kafka_Cluster\" >25. What do you mean by the retention period in a Kafka Cluster?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#26_Do_you_know_about_Log_Compaction\" >26. Do you know about Log Compaction?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#27_What_do_you_know_about_Quotas_in_Apache_Kafka\" >27. What do you know about Quotas in Apache Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#28_Do_you_know_about_Client_Groups_in_Kafka\" >28. Do you know about Client Groups in Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#29_When_does_the_QueueFullException_happen_in_the_producer_in_Kafka\" >29. When does the QueueFullException happen in the producer in Kafka?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#30_What_are_some_of_the_notable_Apache_Kafka_operations\" >30. What are some of the notable Apache Kafka operations?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#31_Difference_between_Apacke_streaming_and_Spark_Streaming\" >31. Difference between Apacke streaming and Spark Streaming.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#32_What_does_%E2%80%9Cgraceful_shutdown%E2%80%9D_in_Kafka_mean\" >32. What does &#8220;graceful shutdown&#8221; in Kafka mean?&#8217;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#33_How_to_change_the_retention_time_in_Kafka_at_runtime\" >33. How to change the retention time in Kafka at runtime?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#34_What_is_meant_by_Znodes_in_Kafka_Zookeeper\" >34. What is meant by Znodes in Kafka Zookeeper?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/apache-kafka-interview-questions\/#35_Define_confluent_kafka\" >35. Define confluent kafka.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Apache_Kafka_Interview_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Apache Kafka Interview Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The attention on Apache\u00a0Kafka interview questions and answers\u00a0is very important for candidates as they should showcase their expertise in Kafka to potential employers. Interview questions are different than those in a written exam. You have to answer the questions in an interview with precision and focus on important points.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Most important of all, your response should be brief yet capable of convincing the interviewer about your expertise in Kafka. The following discussion would point out some of the top\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0and their answers. Aspiring candidates can utilize the following guide to prepare for the simplest to toughest questions they can possibly encounter in an interview for a Kafka-based job role.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_Kafka\"><\/span>1. What is Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is probably one of the first\u00a0Apache Kafka interview questions\u00a0that candidates encounter. Many candidates assume that it is the simplest of all questions. However, you should be careful while presenting your response to this question as it would determine your initial impression on the interviewer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kafka.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apache Kafka<\/a> is a publish-subscribe open-source message brokering application. The foundation of Apache Kafka is the Scala programming language. You can find that the design pattern of Kafka relies primarily on the design of transactional logs. Apache Kafka\u2019s design also enables its role as an open-source stream-processing software platform, thereby adding stream processing capabilities to it.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_How_is_Kafka_messaging_system_different_than_other_messaging_frameworks\"><\/span>2. How is Kafka messaging system different than other messaging frameworks?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The answer to such\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0should be straightforward. Candidates can outline their response in the form of bullet points that differentiate Kafka from other messaging or real-time data streaming platforms. Here are the pointers that separate Kafka from the rest of its competition.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The design follows a public-subscribe model.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seamless support for Spark and other Big Data technologies.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Support for cluster mode operation.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fault tolerance capability for reducing concerns of message loss.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Support for Scala and Java programming languages.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ease of coding and configuration.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ideal for web service architecture as well as big data architecture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Do_You_know_the_different_components_of_Kafka\"><\/span>3. Do You know the different components of Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is a\u00a0frequently asked\u00a0Kafka interview question\u00a0for which candidates should prepare well. Kafka has four major components, such as Topic, Producer, Brokers, and Consumers. The topic in Kafka is a stream of messages that are of the same type.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Producer in Kafka helps in publishing messages to a topic. Brokers are the set of servers that store the published messages by producers. Consumers are the Kafka component, which helps in subscribing to different topics and pulling data from the brokers.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_What_is_an_offset_in_Kafka\"><\/span>4. What is an offset in Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The offset in Kafka is the sequential ID number allocated to messages in the partition. The offsets help in the unique identification of each message in a particular partition.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Define_a_consumer_group_in_Kafka\"><\/span>5. Define a consumer group in Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Candidates can face such entries among the\u00a0most common Kafka interview questions. First of all, it is essential to note that Consumer Groups is a concept exclusively specific for Apache Kafka. Each consumer group in Kafka comprises of one or more consumers consuming an assortment of subscribed topics, in collaboration.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_What_is_the_importance_of_Zookeeper_in_Kafka\"><\/span>6. What is the importance of Zookeeper in Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is also one of the notable\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0that you may come across. Zookeeper is primarily responsible for developing coordination between the different nodes in a cluster. Zookeeper can help in recovery from previously committed to offsetting in the event of failure of a node because it works as periodically commit offset.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition, Zookeeper also helps in leader detection, configuration management, synchronization, and detecting any node leaving or joining the cluster. Furthermore, Kafka implements Zookeeper as storage for offsets of consumed messages regarding a specific topic. Zookeeper also helps in partitioning the offsets of messages according to specific Consumer Groups.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Can_I_use_Kafka_without_Zookeeper\"><\/span>7. Can I use Kafka without Zookeeper?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">No. You cannot bypass Zookeeper for a direct connection with the Kafka server. In addition, it is also essential to note that servicing client requests becomes impossible when Zookeeper is experiencing downtime.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/real-time-big-data-pipeline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Real-time Big Data Pipeline with Hadoop, Spark, and Kafka<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_What_are_the_advantages_of_Kafka\"><\/span>8. What are the advantages of Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Candidates can expect such\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0easily in their interviews for Kafka-based job roles. The primary advantages of Kafka include fault-tolerance, higher throughput, scalability, lower latency, and durability. Kafka does not require any large-scale hardware components and shows exceptional performance in the management of high-volume and high-velocity data.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Most important of all, it can support message throughput at the rate of thousand messages per second. Kafka depicts promising resistance to the failure of nodes or machines within a cluster. Lower latency of Kafka can help in easily managing the messages within milliseconds. In addition, Kafka also ensures message replication, thereby reducing any concerns of message loss. Another critical benefit of Apache Kafka is the scalability that it ensures through the addition of more nodes.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_What_do_you_mean_by_leader_and_follower_in_Kafka\"><\/span>9. What do you mean by leader and follower in Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Candidates should prepare for such the\u00a0latest Kafka interview questions\u00a0that dig deeper into the architecture of Kafka. Each partition in Kafka is associated with one server that plays the role of Leader, and the other servers play the role of Followers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A leader is responsible for performing all the read and write requests for the concerned partition. On the other hand, followers have to replicate the leader passively. If the Leader fails, then one of the Followers could assume the role of a Leader to ensure load balancing.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_What_are_the_different_use_cases_of_Apache_Kafka\"><\/span>10. What are the different use cases of Apache Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The different use cases of Kafka include Kafka metrics, stream processing, and Kafka log aggregation. Kafka is suitable for the operational monitoring of data. In addition, Kafka also includes an aggregation of statistics from distributed applications to develop centralized feeds of operational data.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kafka\u2019s durability is a strong factor for validating its use in stream processing. In addition, Kafka is also ideal for the collection of logs from various services throughout an organization.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Do_you_know_about_stream_processing_in_Kafka\"><\/span>11. Do you know about stream processing in Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Candidates can expect such\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0commonly, especially considering the large-scale applications of Kafka in real-time data streaming. Stream processing involves continuous, concurrent, and real-time processing of data by following a record-by-record approach.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_What_are_some_of_the_unique_features_of_Kafka_Stream\"><\/span>12. What are some of the unique features of Kafka Stream?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kafka Stream is the ideal real-time data streaming tool for different reasons. Here are the unique features that establish the popularity of Kafka Stream.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High scalability and fault tolerance.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Easy deployment to the cloud, containers, bare metal or virtual machines.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Through integration with Kafka security.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Facility for writing standard Java applications.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One-time processing semantics.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suitable for the small, medium as well as large use cases.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No requirement of separate processing clusters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_How_do_you_know_that_Kafka_is_a_Distributed_Streaming_Platform\"><\/span>13. How do you know that Kafka is a Distributed Streaming Platform?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Candidates should always prepare for such\u00a0Kafka interview questions. Apache Kafka contains the following three capabilities that prove its identity as a distributed streaming platform. First of all, it can help in pushing records easily.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition, Apache Kafka also helps you with storing lots of records without encountering storage issues. Most important of all, Kafka has the capability for processing records as they arrive. These capabilities clearly establish Kafka as a reliable distributed streaming platform.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_Can_you_explain_the_process_of_starting_a_Kafka_Server\"><\/span>14. Can you explain the process of starting a Kafka Server?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is one of the\u00a0best Kafka interview questions\u00a0from the perspective of candidates. Start your answer by emphasizing the fact that you cannot start the Kafka server without Zookeeper. So, it is important to start Zookeeper\u2019s server. Then, we have to use the convince script that comes packaged with Kafka to obtain a raw yet effective single-node instance of Zookeeper. Here is an example,<\/p>\n<pre style=\"text-align: justify;\">bin\/zookeeper-server-start.shconfig\/zookeeper.properties<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Following this, the Kafka server starts like in the example below,<\/p>\n<pre style=\"text-align: justify;\">bin\/Kafka-server-start.shconfig\/server.properties<\/pre>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_What_is_a_Kafka_Cluster_and_what_are_its_key_benefits\"><\/span>15. What is a Kafka Cluster, and what are its key benefits?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Candidates could expect such advanced\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0as they proceed to higher stages in an interview. Kafka cluster is a group containing more than one broker. It has zero downtime during the expansion of clusters and can help in the replication of message data and management of persistence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The cluster-centric design of the Kafka cluster improves durability. Most important of all, one of the brokers in a cluster manages the states of replicas and partitions. The concerned broker is also responsible for performing administrative tasks such as the reassignment of partitions.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Apache Kafka as a real-time data streaming tool can send data to other platforms for streaming analytics for the purpose of analysis. Here&#8217;s the list of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/real-time-data-streaming-tools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Top Real-time Data Streaming tools<\/a> you should know about.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"16_What_are_some_of_the_use_cases_where_Kafka_is_not_suitable\"><\/span>16. What are some of the use cases where Kafka is not suitable?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">First of all, you need promising knowledge regarding the setup and configuration of the Kafka ecosystem to use it properly. In addition, there are other notable use cases where Kafka is not applicable. If you don\u2019t have a monitoring tool or the Wildcard option for the selection of the topic, then Kafka is not suitable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Most important of all, you need in-depth expertise and understanding for the management of cluster-based infrastructure in Kafka alongside Zookeeper.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"17_Define_consumer_lag_and_ways_to_monitor_it\"><\/span>17. Define consumer lag and ways to monitor it.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is one of the difficult\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0that you may come across. Kafka follows a publisher-subscriber model in which the producer writes to a particular topic, and one or more consumers read from the concerned topic. On the other hand, the reads in Kafka tend to lag behind the writes due to delay between the moment of writing a message and the moment of consuming a message.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Therefore, Consumer Lag is the delay between the Latest Offset and the Consumer Offset. One of the unique tools for monitoring consumer lag is LinkedIn Burrow. In addition, the Confluent Kafka provides innovative tools for measuring Consumer Lag.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"18_Define_Geo-replication_in_Kafka\"><\/span>18. Define Geo-replication in Kafka.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is also a notable entry among common\u00a0Kafka interview questions. The geo-replication feature helps in replication throughout different clusters and different data. Kafka Mirror is the ideal tool for enabling geo-replication with a process known as mirroring. The mirroring process is slightly different from replication throughout different nodes in one cluster. The Kafka Mirror Maker ensures replication of messages from topics belonging to one or more Kafka clusters to the destination cluster having similar topic names.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"19_What_is_the_importance_of_Replicas_in_Kafka\"><\/span>19. What is the importance of Replicas in Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Replicas in Kafka are basically a list of nodes that replicate the log for a specific partition without considering whether the nodes serve as the Leader. Replicas are highly significant in Kafka because of the safety of published messages. Replication ensures that users can consume published messages even in circumstances such as program error, regular software updates, or machine errors.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"20_Do_you_know_about_System_Tools_in_Kafka\"><\/span>20. Do you know about System Tools in Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">System tools are a common element in many\u00a0Kafka interview questions. Kafka has three prominent categories of System tools. The Kafka Mirror Maker helps in mirroring one Kafka cluster to another. The Kafka Migration Tool ensures the migration of a broker from a specific version to another. Another common System tool that you can find with Kafka is the Consumer Offset Checker. The Consumer Offset Checker shows the Topic, Owner, and Partitions for a particular set of Topics and Consumer Group.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_What_is_the_significance_of_the_Replication_Tool\"><\/span>21. What is the significance of the Replication Tool?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Replication Tool in Kafka is a helpful addition to promoting higher availability and better durability. Some of the common types of replication tools include the Create Topic tool, List Topic tool, and Add Partition tool.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_What_is_the_relationship_between_Apache_Kafka_and_Java\"><\/span>22. What is the relationship between Apache Kafka and Java?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Candidates should also prepare adequately for such insightful\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0for better chances of qualifying interviews. The foremost relationship between Java and Apache Kafka is that the former supports the standard requirement of high processing rates in Kafka. In addition, Java also provides exceptional community support for all Kafka consumer clients. Therefore, one of the best practices for implementing Kafka is to choose Java for the implementation.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_Does_Kafka_provide_any_guarantees\"><\/span>23. Does Kafka provide any guarantees?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is one of the tricky Kafka interview questions that test the deeper knowledge of candidates in Kafka. Kafka provides the guarantee of tolerating up to N-1 server failures without losing any record committed to the log. In addition, Kafka also ensures that the order of messages sent by the producer to the specific topic partition will be the same for multiple messages. Kafka also provides the guarantee that consumer instance can view records in the order of their storage in the log.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Preparing for a Big Data interview? Go through these top <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/blog\/big-data-interview-questions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Big Data Interview Questions<\/a> and get yourself ready to ace the interview.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"24_How_is_Apache_Kafka_better_than_RabbitMQ\"><\/span>24. How is Apache Kafka better than RabbitMQ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Candidates could also expect such the\u00a0latest Kafka interview questions. RabbitMQ is the most notable alternative for Apache Kafka. The features of Kafka as a distributed, highly available, and a durable system for data sharing and replication are better than RabbitMQ, which does not have these features. The performance rate of Apache Kafka could extend up to 100,000 messages per second. On the other hand, RabbitMQ has a limited performance rate of around 20,000 messages per second.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"25_What_do_you_mean_by_the_retention_period_in_a_Kafka_Cluster\"><\/span>25. What do you mean by the retention period in a Kafka Cluster?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is also one of the notable\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0that you may come across. First of all, the retention period involves retaining all published records in the Kafka cluster. The retention period does not check for the consumption status of the published records. In addition, it is possible to discard records with the use of a specific configuration setting for the concerned retention period. As a result, it can also free up adequate space.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"26_Do_you_know_about_Log_Compaction\"><\/span>26. Do you know about Log Compaction?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Candidates should be prepared for such expert-level Kafka interview questions too for their interview. The log cleaner manages log compaction in Apache Kafka. The log cleaner is a collection of background threats for recopying log segment files. It removes records with their key appearing in the head of the log.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The compactor thread selects the log with the highest log head to the log tail ratio. In addition, it also creates a brief summary of the last offset for every key in the head of the log. The log cleaner recopies the log from the start to the end by excluding keys, which can possibly occur later in the log.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Then, the log cleaner swaps clean segments into the log immediately, thereby restricting the requirement of additional disk space to only one additional segment. Therefore, log compaction does not require additional storage for the full copy of the log. You can find the summary of the log head as a space-compact hash table that uses precisely 24 bytes for every entry. Therefore, a cleaner buffer of 8GB can purge 366GB of log head in a cleaner iteration.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"27_What_do_you_know_about_Quotas_in_Apache_Kafka\"><\/span>27. What do you know about Quotas in Apache Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">One of the prominent topics for\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0is quotas. Every Kafka cluster comes with the ability to enforce quotas on the requests for controlling broker resources that clients use. Kafka brokers can employ two different types of client quotas for a different group of clients sharing a particular quota.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For example, network bandwidth quotas help in defining the byte-rate thresholds. This feature is available since version 0.9. Another quota implemented by Kafka refers to request rate quotas. Request rate quotas provide a clear definition of the CPU usage thresholds in terms of I\/O threads and percentage of the network.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"28_Do_you_know_about_Client_Groups_in_Kafka\"><\/span>28. Do you know about Client Groups in Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Candidates should be prepared for such\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0that deal directly with basic components. The user-principal represents the identity of a Kafka client by denoting a specific authenticated user in a secure cluster. The user-principal is generally a combination of unauthenticated users selected by a broker using a configurable PrincipalBuilder in a cluster supporting unauthenticated clients.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Client-id provides a logical grouping of clients, along with a meaningful name allocated by the client application. In addition, the tuple of user and client-id define the secure logical group of clients involved in sharing user principal as well as client-id.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"29_When_does_the_QueueFullException_happen_in_the_producer_in_Kafka\"><\/span>29. When does the QueueFullException happen in the producer in Kafka?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Candidates can find such technical\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0also in their interview for Kafka-based job roles. QueueFullException generally happens at the time when Kafka Produces aims to send messages at a speed which the Broker could not handle at that instant. However, it is possible to overcome the QueueFullException by adding an adequate number of brokers because the Producer does not block the addition of brokers.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"30_What_are_some_of_the_notable_Apache_Kafka_operations\"><\/span>30. What are some of the notable Apache Kafka operations?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Candidates should also prepare for technical\u00a0Kafka interview questions\u00a0for ensuring the best results possible in their interview for a Kafka-based job role. Here are the important Apache Kafka operations that you should note.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modification of Kafka Topics.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Locating the position of the Consumer.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Automatic migration of data.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adding and deleting Kafka Topics.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distinguished Turnoff.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion of Kafka cluster.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mirroring of data between different Kafka clusters.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Datacenters.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Retirement of servers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Have any questions about Apache Kafka? Join us and get connected with our experts to get answers to your questions. You can also write your query in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/forums\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Whizlabs Forum<\/a> to get answers.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Difference_between_Apacke_streaming_and_Spark_Streaming\"><\/span>31. Difference between Apacke streaming and Spark Streaming.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Kafka Streams<\/th>\n<th>Spark Streaming<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>It is fault-tolerant by the utilization of partitions and replicas.<\/td>\n<td>Spark can be able to restore partitions with the usage of Cache and RDD (Resilient Distributed Dataset).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>It can be able to handle real-time streams<\/td>\n<td>Handle both real-time and batch tasks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Long-persistent of messages in the Kafka log<\/td>\n<td>To retain the data durably, it uses data frame or another data structure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Interactive modes are not present in Kafka. The data produced by the producer can be simply managed by the broker and then it waits for the client to read it.<\/td>\n<td>Interactive modes will be available.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_What_does_%E2%80%9Cgraceful_shutdown%E2%80%9D_in_Kafka_mean\"><\/span>32. What does &#8220;graceful shutdown&#8221; in Kafka mean?&#8217;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Any broker failure or shutdown will be automatically detected by the Apache cluster. In this case, new leaders will be selected for partitions that were previously managed by that device. When a server fails or is shut down for repair or configuration updates, it will occur. When a server is intentionally brought down, Kafka offers a graceful way to end the server rather than destroying it.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33_How_to_change_the_retention_time_in_Kafka_at_runtime\"><\/span>33. How to change the retention time in Kafka at runtime?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Starting with version 0.9.0 and later, the correct command to modify the configurations of a currently operating topic in Kafka is &#8220;kafka-configs.sh &#8211;alter.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Prior to version 0.9.0, the command to use was &#8220;kafka-topics.sh &#8211;alter.&#8221; However, from version 0.9.0 onwards, the &#8220;kafka-configs.sh&#8221; command should be used for altering topic configurations.<\/p>\n<p>To modify the retention time of a topic, you can use the following command:<\/p>\n<p>Replace <code>&lt;bootstrap-server&gt;<\/code> with the address and port of the Kafka bootstrap server, <code>&lt;topic-name&gt;<\/code> with the name of the topic you want to modify, and <code>&lt;retention-time-in-milliseconds&gt;<\/code> with the desired retention time in milliseconds.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"34_What_is_meant_by_Znodes_in_Kafka_Zookeeper\"><\/span>34. What is meant by Znodes in Kafka Zookeeper?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Znodes are the nodes in a ZooKeeper tree. Znodes maintains version numbers in a structure for timestamps, ACL changes, and data alterations. The version number and timestamp are used by ZooKeeper to validate the cache and ensure that updates are coordinated. The version number associated with the data on Znode increases each time when\u00a0it changes.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"35_Define_confluent_kafka\"><\/span>35. Define confluent kafka.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Confluent serves as an Apache Kafka-based data streaming platform and\u00a0it is a full-scale streaming platform capable of storing and processing information within the stream in addition to publish-and-subscribe functionality. A more thorough version of Apache Kafka is Confluent Kafka. By incorporating tools for maintaining and optimising Kafka clusters as well as techniques for assuring the security of the streams, it improves Kafka&#8217;s integration capabilities.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Conclusion<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">So, do you think that you are up for a Kafka interview right now? Even if the questions and answers in the above-mentioned discussion improve the prospects of qualifying an interview easily, you should explore further. Try to find some advanced questions such as\u00a0Kafka performance tuning interview questions\u00a0and their answers on different online platforms. Considering the rising popularity of Apache Kafka, more and more enterprises are joining the Kafka bandwagon.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Therefore, qualifying a Kafka interview can definitely open new and promising opportunities for IT professionals. The use of Kafka in stream processing is also a notable milestone in the field of data analytics. Therefore, the ever-increasing scope of applications of Apache Kafka complemented with new updates, and features drive further interest in Kafka interview questions to build a successful career in Apache Kafka.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aspiring to learn Apache Kafka and build a successful career in Big Data? Enroll in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whizlabs.com\/apache-kafka-fundamentals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apache Kafka Training Course<\/a> and lay the foundation of a bright future ahead!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The world of technology brings new advancement that keeps transforming the IT sector continuously. Apache Kafka is one in the long list of technological advancements that have revised the conventions in data analytics. As one of the notable real-time data streaming tools, Apache Kafka deserves more recognition, and it rightly gets the same. Therefore, many aspiring professionals search for Apache Kafka interview questions. Originally developed by LinkedIn in 2011, Apache Kafka subsequently became an open-source project. Today, over 750 companies use Kafka in their tech stacks with some notable names, including Netflix, Uber, Spotify, Pinterest, LinkedIn, Slack, and Activision. Therefore, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":220,"featured_media":75467,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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